Heat Shock Response is Blunted in Elderly Diabetic People But Recovered by Strength Training

Strength training was performed three times per week for twelve weeks. Supervised (by qualified sport and exercise scientists) exercise was performed in a gym on three non-consecutive days of the week. Each session lasted \~60 min and consisted of a warm up, the resistance exercise training and a cool down. The training programme consisted of a combination of upper and lower body exercises using gym equipments, free weights and body weight as the primary resistance. The twelve weeks of strength training were divided into three mesocycles of four weeks each. The resistance training was performed using two to three sets per exercise at intensities between 12-15 repetition maximum-RM.

"Control group performed a placebo stretching/relaxing session once a week (for adherence purposes) for twelve weeks. To avoid any significant adaptation, all stretching exercises (for large muscle groups only) were performed at very low intensity without any significant discomfort."