Music Distraction and Its Influence on Anesthetic Requirements During Elective Knee Surgery

Music will be provided via Spotify, which is an Internet streaming music service, and will be played through headphones; this way, no other individual in the operating room will be distracted or influenced by the patient's music selection.

All participants will receive noise-cancelling wireless headphones that they will wear in the operating room during the procedure.

All participants will receive intravenous doses of propofol; the timing and frequency of the doses will be given when the patient indicates (by squeezing a rubber duckie) that he/she wants sedation medication.