Operant Conditioning for Neuromodulation

Spinal reflex responses will be elicited in a wrist flexor muscle using a peripheral nerve stimulator. During training trials, the size of the participant's response will be shown on a screen and the participant will be asked to decrease the size of the H-reflex response over successive trials. Responses that are below a threshold will be rewarded and those above will not.

Motor evoked potentials will be elicited in a wrist flexor muscle using transcranial magnetic stimulation. During training trials, the size of the participant's response will be shown on a screen and the participant will be asked to increase the size of the MEP response over successive trials. Responses that are above a threshold will be rewarded and those below will not.