The Toe-spread-out Exercise in Patients With Hallux Valgus and Without the Deformity

The therapeutic intervention lasted 14 days and focused on doing the TSO exercise. This exercise was performed unilaterally under the supervision of a qualified physiotherapist. The starting position of the TSO exercise was the sitting position with the knee joint and hip bent at 90 degrees. The exercise consisted of 3 consecutive phases: dorsiflexion of the toes keeping the metatarsal heads and the heel on the ground, moving the fifth toe down and in a lateral direction, moving the big toe down and abduction. The final position needs to be maintained for 5 seconds. The whole sequence was repeated 200 times a day.