PEMF and PEC Blocks in Mastectomy Reconstruction Patients

For active drug, 0.25% marcaine, will be used.

For sham drug, 0.9% saline, will be used.

The pulsed electromagnetic field signal will consist of a 2-m sec burst of 27.12 megahertz (MHz) radiofrequency sinusoidal waves repeating at 2 bursts/second.

Sham devices will appear identical to and will be used in exactly the same manner as active devices but will produce no electromagnetic field.

For active drug, 0.25% naropin, will be used.