Miniaturized Extracorporeal Circulation Study

"* Cannulation: 24-F arterial cannula, 29/29 F dual-stage venous cannula, and aortic root vent-/cardioplegia cannula~* Grafting: pedicled left internal mammary artery, and no-touch~* saphenous vein graft Heparin and protamine doses assessed by HMS Plus® Hemostasis Management System~* Target activated coagulation time of \>400 seconds"

"* Centrifugal pump to reduce mechanical stress~* Circuit coated with biosurface to increase haemocompatibilty.~* Ante- and retrograde autologous priming and low-volume cardioplegia solution (intermittend cold modified Calafiore) to minimize haemodilution~* Collapsible soft-shell reservoir for blood volume management~* Cell-saving device~* Venous air removing device and electric clamp system to air embolism"

"* Roller pump~* Circuit uncoated~* Hard-shell venous reservoir~* Intermittend cold blood Harefield cardioplegia"