Body Versus Machine: Deep Breathing Versus Vagus Stimulation for the Treatment of Fibromyalgia

The tVNS system consists of a non-invasive, handheld stimulator and ear electrode that participants wear like an earphone. Intensity, pulse duration, and frequency of the tVNS stimulation is optimized in order to induce signals in thick-myelinated Aβ fibres of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN).

Motivational nondirective resonance breathing (MNRB) is a type of diaphragmatic breathing technique that trains the body to breathe at resonance frequency with a mental state of open-awareness.