Effects Of Adjuvants to Caudal Anesthesia on Hemodynamics Measured By Electrical Cardiometry In Children

After induction, the electrical cardiometry is applied in supine position and a measurement for the baseline cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and stroke volume is taken. In left lateral position, the back is sterilized. The block is done by introducing a 23-gauge needle perpendicular to the sacrococcygeal membrane. The needle is inserted until there is release of resistance as it pierces the sacro-coccygeal membrane. Then, it is directed upwards to make an angle of 20-30° with the skin about 2 mm. 1 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% along with dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg (diluted with normal saline to 1ml) is injected over about 60s. Then, another measurement for the hemodynamics is taken at 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after caudal block.

After induction, the electrical cardiometry is applied in supine position and a measurement for the baseline cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and stroke volume is taken. In left lateral position, the back is sterilized. The block is done by introducing a 23-gauge needle perpendicular to the sacrococcygeal membrane. The needle is inserted until there is release of resistance as it pierces the sacro-coccygeal membrane. Then, it is directed upwards to make an angle of 20-30° with the skin about 2 mm. 1 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% along with dexamethasone 0.1mg/kg (diluted with normal saline to 1ml) is injected over about 60s. Then, another measurement for the hemodynamics is taken at 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after caudal block.

After induction, the electrical cardiometry is applied in supine position and a measurement for the baseline cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and stroke volume is taken. In left lateral position, the back is sterilized. The block is done by introducing a 23-gauge hypodermic needle perpendicular to the sacrococcygeal membrane. The needle is inserted until there is release of resistance as it pierces the sacro-coccygeal membrane. Then, it is directed upwards to make an angle of 20-30° with the skin about 2 mm. 1 ml/kg the control (bupivacaine) 0.25% is injected over about 60s. Then, another measurement for the hemodynamics is taken at 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after caudal block.