Dose Escalation PfSPZ-CVac

Chloroquine has been widely used for treatment and prophylaxis of malaria since 1946 (Most, London et al. 1984). It was the treatment of choice for uncomplicated malaria for decades because it was safe, well tolerated, affordable and highly effective for the treatment of malaria. However, increasing spread of chloroquine- resistant Pf over the last two decades has severely limited its use (Wellems 2002). Chloroquine phosphate is U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for suppressive treatment (prophylaxis) and for acute attacks of malaria due to P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and susceptible strains of Pf.

Pyrimethamine is a folic acid antagonist that has been commonly used as antimalarial drug for both treatment and prevention of malaria, usually in combination with sulfadoxine in adults, pregnant women, and children worldwide (Organization April 2013 (rev. January2014)

Sanaria Inc has manufactured two strains of Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge: NF54 and 7G8. The Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge contains fully infectious PfSPZ purified from the salivary glands of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes raised under aseptic conditions. The infectious PfSPZ are formulated in cryoprotectant to maintain potency for an extended period. Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge (NF54) is known to be susceptible to chloroquine, pyrimethamine, atovaquone, artesunate, but not mefloquine. Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge (7G8) is known to be susceptible to mefloquine, atovaquone, artemether and artesunate but not to chloroquine or pyrimethamine.