Anxiety and COPD Evaluation

An initial version of the AIR was developed through a mixed-methods approach to item development, incorporating both emic and etic perspectives. This included an extensive review of extant anxiety scales (etic perspectives) and in-depth qualitative interviews with patients with COPD and self-reported anxiety (emic perspectives). AIR has ten items on a scale from 0 to 3. It provides a score of 0-30. High score indicates elevated level of clinically relevant anxiety symptoms.

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), a self-assessment scale, was developed to detect states of depression, anxiety and emotional distress amongst patients who were being treated for a variety of clinical problems.