Nonradiation-to-endoscopist Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Patients With Complexity Level I/II

All patients received magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography before the procedure. Characteristics of lesions (e.g. common bile duct stones, stenosis) in detail was identified. During the procedure, the endoscopist was not exposed to radiation. If fluoroscopy was needed, after contrast injection (sometimes not necessary), the endoscopist went outside of the operation room and observed the X-ray image by remote control of the fluoroscopy machine.

Patients received standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Fluoroscopy was normally used when necessary.