Evaluation of Reactive Focal Mass Drug Administration (rfMDA) +/- Reactive Focal Vector Control (RAVC) in Namibia

"Active malaria surveillance using rapid diagnostic test in households around passively-detected index case. RDT-positive subjects are treated per national policy, under which combination medication artemether-lumefantrine is first-line, using dosing (mg artemether / mg lumefantrine):~(i) 5-14kg patient: 20/120mg twice (8 hr apart) on day 1, 20/120mg twice (12 hr apart) on each of days 2 and 3 then stop (ii) 15-24kg patient: 40/240mg twice (8 hrs apart) on day 1, 40/240mg twice (12 hrs apart) on each of days 2 and 3 then stop (iii) 25-34kg patient: 60/360mg twice (8 hrs apart) on day 1, 60/360mg twice (12 hrs apart) on each of days 2 and 3 then stop (iv) \> 34kg patient: 80/480mg twice (8 hrs apart) on day 1, 80/480mg twice (12 hrs apart) on each of days 2 and 3, then stop"

Focal, targeted indoor spraying with long-lasting insecticide pirimiphos-methyl or Actellic 300 CS, a World Health Organization (WHO)-approved organophosphate. Safety measures: (i) seeking advance permission to spray; (ii) temporarily removing items (utensils, water, food, pets) from the building during spray; (iii) covering all unremovable items; (iv) asking inhabitants to temporarily relocate outdoors during spray; (v) advising children remain outdoors until floors washed; and (vi) avoiding of spraying of any rooms that contain inhabitants, animals, or incorrectly removed/covered items. Actellic will be applied according to National Vector-borne Disease Control Program (NVDCP) indoor residual spraying (IRS) guidelines, using a Hudson X-pert sprayer (Hudson Manufacturing Co., Chicago, USA) at 40 mL/m-sq.

"Presumptive treatment, using the medication A-L, of the inhabitants of households surrounding a passively-detected index case, without incorporating a diagnostic test step. The investigators will administer A-L with dosing as follows (mg artemether / mg lumefantrine):~(i) 5-14kg patient: 20/120mg twice (8 hours apart) on day 1, 20/120mg twice (12 hours apart) on each of days 2 and 3, then stop (ii) 15-24kg patient: 40/240mg twice (8 hours apart) on day 1, 40/240mg twice (12 hours apart) on each of days 2 and 3, then stop (iii) 25-34kg patient: 60/360mg twice (8 hours apart) on day 1, 60/360mg twice (12 hours apart) on each of days 2 and 3, then stop (iv) \> 34kg patient: 80/480mg twice (8 hours apart) on day 1, 80/480mg twice (12 hours apart) on each of days 2 and 3, then stop"