Midazolam With Meperidine and Dexmedetomidine vs. Midazolam With Meperidine and Propofol for Sedation During ERCP

midazolam (0.05 mg/kg, 30% reduction for patients if age ≥70 or ASA class III-IV; Bukwang Pharm Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea)

Meperidine (50mg. 25mg for patients aged ≥70 years; pethidine HCL, Hana Pharm Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea).

Repeated doses of 10-20 mg propofol are titrated to achieve the target level of sedation.

Dexmedetomidine (1μg/kg/h, Precedex; Hospira, Seoul, Republic of Korea) or the same volume of normal saline were administered in the MMD and midazolam-meperidine group