Intervention to Enhance Numeracy in Diabetes (IntEND)

"Participants randomized to the in-person education group attended four group classes, each addressing a specific set of diabetes self-care skills (i.e., understanding and using blood glucose numbers, counting carbohydrates, taking medications at the right dose and time). So that each class included a stable group of 8 and 16 participants, we ran classes in cohorts of 8-16 people. A participant always attended classes with his/her cohort."

Participants randomized to the online education group attended a single session, at which he/she completed a computerized education module that addressed understanding blood sugar values and using them to examine the impact of food, exercise, and medicines on blood sugar.