Intraoperative Opioids and Postoperative Recovery After Hepatobiliary or Foregut Surgery

Patients in the methadone group will be administered 0.3 mg/kg of methadone intraoperatively: two-thirds of the dose (6 cc or 0.2 mg/kg of methadone) on induction of anesthesia as a bolus. The remainder of the dose (3 cc or 0.1 mg/kg of methadone) will be administered at approximately 1.5-2 hours before the end of the procedure.

Patients in the hydromorphone group will receive 0.03 mg/kg of hydromorphone; two-thirds the dose (6 cc or 0.02 mg/kg) on induction of anesthesia, and the remainder of the hydromorphone (3 cc or 0.01 mg/kg) will be bolused 1.5-2 hours before surgery concludes.