OX-40 Protein Expression in the Sentinel Lymph Nodes of Patients With Cancer

The first ten cases will be reviewed to assess the spectrum of OX-40 expression and to devise a semiquantitative scoring system. Each slide will be scanned in its entirety and then scored according to representative views with the greatest expression of immunostaining. Two independent viewers, who will be blinded to clinical data and outcome at the time of scoring, will review all slides. Scores from these independent readings will be compared, and differences were resolved upon mutual review of given cases. We will estimate the distribution of OX-40 IHC score by tumor type and tumor stage. OX-40 IHC score will be correlated with the IHC scores of other markers using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Kruskal-Wallis test will be used to test whether OX-40 IHC score is comparable between tumor type and tumor stage

5-micron sections will be cut, mounted on capillary gap slides and dried in a 60°C oven. The slides will then be then deparaffinized in xylene baths and gradually hydrated in graded alcohol. For epitope retrieval, the slides are placed in baths of 0.5 M Tris buffer at pH 10 and subjected to microwave irradiation for at least 19 minutes. The slides will be cooled and washed with deionized water and 0.05% TWEEN. They are then placed in a blocking solution of 0.3% bovine serum albumin, drained, and placed in wells of their primary antibody in a humidity chamber at room temperature overnight. Primary mouse antihuman antibodies will include anti-OX-40, anti-CD4, and anti-HLA class II. Anti-rat CD45 will be used as a negative control for each section. The slides will then be then washed and placed in their appropriate biotinylated anti-mouse secondary antibody for 24 minutes. Endogenous peroxidase in the samples is blocked using a solution of 3% hydrogen peroxide.

Lymphocytes will be collected from fresh tissue and peripheral blood (PBLs) for use in marker analysis and in vitro assays of immune function. Tissues will be dissociated to obtain lymphocytes

De-identified tissue samples will be obtained from the OHSU Pathology Department. Tissues will consist of paraffin blocks collected either prospectively for previous cases, or fresh tissue collected prospectively for patients enrolled in the study. For either case, tissue will be collected only after tissue necessary for the adequate rendering of the pathologic diagnosis has been collected by the pathology Department. Thus, the collection of tissue will not compromise patient diagnosis/care.