Randomized Study of the Use of Warfarin During Pacemaker or ICD Implantation in Patients Requiring Long Term Anticoagulation

The usual dose of warfarin (resulting in a therapeutic INR) is taken throughout the peri-procedural period.

For moderate risk patients, warfarin will be held for 4-5 days prior to the procedure.

For high risk patients, warfarin is held for 4-5 days prior to the procedure and heparin is given to provide anticoagulation while the INR is subtherapeutic.