Design of a Food Preference Assessment Tool for Older Patients in Geriatrics units_DYSPHAGING-PREFERENCES

"For each patient (set of at least 35 patients), the assessor will ask the patient:~* Have you ever eaten this food? YES or NO~* Does the photo match the description? YES or NO~* 20 photos of foods per category are provided (10 + 10)~* If the foods tested are recognised (YES answer to both questions) by more than 80% of the study population, they will be retained.~* The 16 foods (8+8) with the highest recognition rates will be retained.~* If fewer than 16 foods (8+8) per category are recognised, the list will be modified by retaining the recognised foods and adding new foods to obtain the 'modified list'.~ 2- If the criteria are not validated, a modified list is resubmitted to a new sample of 35 patients until the objectives are validated and a suitable questionnaire is obtained.~Obtaining an ADAPTED DYSPHAGING PREFERENCES QUESTIONNAIRE is a prerequisite for moving on to the test-retest reliability phase"

"For each patient (new set of 35 patients)~* the DYSPHAGING preferences questionnaire (including previously adapted pictures) will be assessed and preference indexes will be determined.~* Within 3-7 days, each patient will be asked for the forced choice in the second step of phase 2. A new preference index will be determined using the first recognition and the second forced choices answers.~* Test-retest reliability will be assessed by determination of an intra-class correlation coefficient between the two indexes obtained for each patient tested. (Good test-retest reliability will be considered with an intra-class correlation coefficient upper than 0,75 in each category and will be expected in at least 4 of the 6 tested categories to perform the cross-sectional study (phase 3)"

"For each patient (new set of 174 patients)~* the DYSPHAGING preferences questionnaire (including previously adapted pictures) will be assessed and preference indexes will be determined.~* In addition, for each patient, collection of geriatric covariates obtained in routine care will be performed for analyses ( demographic characteristics (age, sex, functionality according to the activity of daily living (ADL)8 and instrumental ADL6 scores), local and factors affecting taste, mastication or dietary patterns (dental condition/dental apparatus, alcoholism, smoking, food allergies, comorbidities, treatments), nutritional status (ideal and current weight/height/BMI, albumin, pre-albumin, Vitamins B12, B9, D), comedications (as described as according to the galenic form and drug class prescribed) and swallowing disorders (EAT-10 score with cut-off of 3)"