Virtual Reality for Pain, Fear, and Physiological Responses During Pediatric Venous Catheterization

"1. Aquarium VR Video (3D)~ Children in this group wore a virtual reality headset displaying a 3D Aquarium video. The video included underwater scenes with fish, sharks, and marine mammals. The VR headset was applied 2-3 minutes before the peripheral intravenous catheterization procedure and continued during the procedure to provide distraction.~2. Kaleidoscope VR Video (3D)~ Children in this group wore a virtual reality headset displaying a 3D Kaleidoscope video consisting of colorful, shifting geometric patterns. The VR headset was applied 2-3 minutes before the peripheral intravenous catheterization procedure and continued during the procedure to distract the child and reduce procedural pain and fear.~3. Routine Care (Control Group)~Children in this group received standard peripheral intravenous catheterization procedure in the pediatric surgery unit without any additional distraction intervention."