1,000
Participants
Start Date
October 15, 2025
Primary Completion Date
November 4, 2025
Study Completion Date
November 4, 2025
Human-developed negative body image warning
Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to negative body. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.
Voluntary warning
Participants will view a message suggesting user take a break from scrolling on social media. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.
Human-developed depression and anxiety warning
Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to depression and anxiety. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.
Human-developed addiction warning
Participants will view a message warning that social media can be addictive. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.
Human-developed sleep warning
Participants will view a message that social media use can contribute to poor sleep quality. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.
Human-developed mental health harms to young people warning
Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to mental health harms for some young people. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.
Human-developed warning that social media has not been proven safe
Participants will view a message warning that the use of social media has not been proven safe for young people. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.
Control message
Participants will view a message about encouraging seatbelt use while traveling in a vehicle.
California's proposed social media warning
Participants will view a message warning about the harms of social media use that mirrors the language the state of California has proposed for mandatory social media warnings.
Artificial-intelligence-developed depression and anxiety warning
Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to depression and anxiety. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.
Artificial-intelligence-developed negative body image warning
Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to negative body. The message was developed using artificial intelligence
Artificial-intelligence-developed addiction warning
Participants will view a message warning that social media can be addictive. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.
Artificial-intelligence-developed sleep warning
Participants will view a message that social media use can contribute to poor sleep quality. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.
Artificial-intelligence-developed mental health harms to young people warning
Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to mental health harms for some young people. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.
Artificial-intelligence-developed warning that social media has not been proven safe
Participants will view a message warning that the use of social media has not been proven safe for young people. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.
Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto
Stanford University
OTHER