Personalized IoT-based Physical Activity Monitoring System for Heart Failure Patients

The IoT-HFActive intervention is a 12-month personalized program delivered via a mobile app, integrating patient-centered goal setting, real-time monitoring, and behavioral support. Intervention group participants will first attend two structured education sessions on exercise in HF and the use of the app and smart wristbands. They will then complete 12 supervised group-based sessions (3×50 min/week for 4 weeks) including warm-up, moderate aerobic exercise, and cool-down. Personalized activity goals will be calculated using heart rate reserve (HRR) via the Karvonen formula and exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) based on wristband data. Continuous remote monitoring will display target HR, achieved minutes, calories, and steps, and include daily confirmation prompts. Behavioral support features of the app will provide personalized feedback, motivational messages, visualizations, and monthly goal re-planning to promote adherence and reduce sedentary behavior.