Injection Ports vs Single-Use Needles for Insulin in Pregnancy: Effects on Adherence and Satisfaction

For two weeks, participants will use an injection port device for all prescribed insulin doses during pregnancy. The port is inserted and replaced approximately every 3 days. Insulin is delivered through the port using standard syringes or insulin pens, eliminating the need for multiple daily needle sticks.

For two weeks, participants will use standard single-use disposable needles for all prescribed insulin doses during pregnancy. A new sterile needle will be used for each injection, consistent with routine clinical practice.