Assessment of Pulmonary Vein Isolation Using a Balloon Catheter With Pulsed Field Energy in Atrial Fibrillation

Participants in this arm will undergo pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using the VOLT catheter, a novel single-shot ablation device that delivers pulsed field energy (a non-thermal ablation method). The catheter features a balloon-in-basket design and enables electro-anatomical mapping. The procedure is performed under conscious sedation or general anesthesia and follows standard PVI protocols adapted for the PFA technology.

"Participants in this arm will receive PVI using established thermal ablation techniques, either:~* Radiofrequency ablation, a point-by-point technique using heat delivered through a catheter tip guided by mapping systems, or~* Cryoballoon ablation, which uses freezing energy delivered via a balloon catheter.~The choice between RF and cryoablation is at the discretion of the treating physician, in line with standard care."