Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in Severe Ventilator-associated Pneumonia

Participants received standard therapy including culture-guided antibiotics, tracheal lavage, and aspiration. Sputum samples were collected from the lower trachea for culture and sensitivity testing to guide antibiotic selection.

Participants underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy through the endotracheal tube for secretion clearance, sample collection, and alveolar lavage once daily for one week. Sterile sodium chloride solution with ambroxol hydrochloride was instilled, and antibiotics were administered immediately after lavage. Samples were cultured to guide antibiotic therapy.