Magnesium Sulfate for Prevention of Emergence Agitation in Lumbar Disc Surgery

Magnesium Sulfate (Experimental Group) Intravenous bolus of magnesium sulfate 30 mg/kg administered over 15 minutes immediately after induction of general anesthesia, followed by continuous infusion at 10 mg/kg/h until the end of surgery. Solutions were prepared in identical syringes and infusion bags by an anesthesia technician not involved in patient care. The preparation and administration protocol ensured blinding of participants, anesthesia providers, and outcome assessors.

ntravenous bolus and continuous infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride solution in the same volume, infusion rate, and duration as the magnesium sulfate group. Solutions were indistinguishable in appearance and prepared under the same blinding procedures.