Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality as an Adjunct to Standard Care in Managing Perioperative Anxiety and Pain in Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery Under Spinal Anesthesia

Patients included in the intervention group (VR group) participated in a comprehensive virtual reality program designed to reduce perioperative anxiety and pain. Prior to their surgery, they attended an introductory VR session aimed at familiarizing them with the technology and providing a calming, immersive environment to help alleviate preoperative stress. Throughout their surgical journey, these patients continued to receive the usual standard care, which included thorough preoperative consultations with healthcare providers, detailed information about the planned surgical procedure, and the provision of standard postoperative care to support recovery. Additionally, during the surgery itself, patients underwent a VR session delivered via a headset, offering real-time immersive distraction and relaxation to minimize intraoperative anxiety and pain perception.