The Effects of Rotational Prisms on Badminton Players' Ocular Vergence Training and Enhancement of Shot Accuracy

"ADRRPs Vergence Training~Intervention Description:~Participants wore an ADRRPs headset that applied alternating base-in and base-out prism power to stimulate vergence eye movements. Prism levels were customized based on each participant's fusional vergence. Training was performed twice weekly for 15 minutes over four weeks while viewing a near video target.~Sham Visual Training with Plano Lenses~Intervention Description:~Participants wore an identical ADRRPs headset fitted with plano lenses that produced no prism effect. The procedure and schedule matched the experimental group but provided no vergence stimulation, serving as a sham control."

"ADRRPs-Based Vergence Training This intervention used the Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prisms (ADRRPs) system to deliver alternating base-in and base-out prism stimulation for vergence training. Prism levels were customized based on each participant's fusional vergence. Training was conducted twice per week for four weeks, 15 minutes per session, while participants viewed a near video target. This protocol provides automated and symmetric vergence demand, distinguishing it from conventional near-point or static prism exercises.~Sham Training with Plano Lenses Participants used the same ADRRPs headset as the experimental group but with plano lenses that produced no prism effect. The training schedule and visual tasks matched the experimental condition, but no vergence stimulus was applied. This design enabled participant masking while providing no active optical stimulation, serving as a sham comparator distinct from both active training and no-treatment controls."