Patient Preference and Long-term Outcomes in Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome: A Prospective Study Comparing Spinal Cord Stimulation to Intrathecal Drug Delivery.

Spinal catheter place under local anesthesia.

A solution containing fentanyl 2 mcg/mL and bupivacaine 0.625 mg/mL at an infusion rate of 0.5 ml/hr.

"Two spinal cord stimulation leads will then be advanced under fluoroscopy to the target area, typically around T7-T9 in the posterior epidural space.~Currently, there are six manufacturers of spinal cord stimulation devices with implanted programmable generators or receivers."