Trans-auricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation as an Innovative Approach to the Treatment of Pain in Pediatric Patients Suffering From Sickle Cell Disease

"Sparrow Link taVNS device from Spark Biomedical, a non-invasive, adhesive earpiece placed on the tragus of the ear to deliver vagal nerve stimulation. The stimulation level is titrated by the investigator to a perceptible but comfortable intensity. Patients cannot adjust the settings themselves, though adjustments can be made upon request.~The device consists of a disposable earpiece connected by a cable to a battery-powered controller (3 AAA batteries). It emits a biphasic, rectangular waveform with a 100 µs interphase and a maximum output of 95V."