Caffeine Dose: Performance and Recovery

Participants consumed an inert cellulose powder dissolved in water, containing no active caffeine. The placebo was ingested orally 60 minutes prior to the rowing performance test. This condition served as the control and was administered once per session in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design.

Participants consumed caffeine in powder form at a dose of 3 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. The powder was dissolved in water and ingested orally approximately 60 minutes before the start of the 2000-meter rowing ergometer performance test. The intervention was administered once per session in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design.

Participants ingested caffeine in powder form, dissolved in water, at a dose of 6 milligrams per kilogram of body mass. The solution was consumed orally 60 minutes prior to the 2000-meter rowing performance test. This intervention was administered once per session as part of a randomized, double-blind, crossover design.

A powdered caffeine dose of 9 milligrams per kilogram was dissolved in water and consumed orally by participants 60 minutes before a 2000-meter rowing ergometer trial. The intervention was administered once per session under a randomized, double-blind, crossover design.