Marmet and Oxytocin Massage for Breast Milk Increase

One of the traditional and natural efforts mothers can make to facilitate breast milk production postpartum is the Marmet technique. This technique embraces the principles of massage and stimulation of the milk ejection reflex (Widiastuti et al., 2015; Hairunisyah \& Kusumawaty, 2022). Furthermore, this technique provides a relaxing effect, reactivating the milk ejection reflex, which in turn stimulates spontaneous milk flow (Yuliani et al., 2015). In other words, the Marmet technique is a combination of expressing milk and massaging the breast by emptying the lactiferous sinuses located under the areola. The Marmet technique stimulates prolactin secretion and helps maximize the milk ejection reflex. The more milk that is withdrawn or emptied from the breast, the greater the milk production (Widiastuti et al., 2015).

Oxytocin massage is a type of massage performed to increase breast milk production. The massage is applied to the sides of the spine and the fifth to sixth ribs, and it stimulates the prolactin and oxytocin hormones after birth (Kosova et al., 2016). This massage serves to increase the oxytocin hormone, which can calm the mother, leading to an automatic flow of breast milk (Kilci \& Sevil, 2021). Research conducted by Azizah and Ambarika (2022) shows that a combination of the Marmet technique and oxytocin massage can increase breast milk production. Massaging or stimulating the spine sends a message to the hypothalamus in the posterior pituitary by directly stimulating the medulla oblongata via neurotransmitters to release oxytocin, which then causes milk secretion from the breasts (Lestari \& Linar, 2024).

No intervention will be made to the participants in this group. Superficial touch will be performed on women's wrists, elbows, and shoulders.