Message Framing in HPV Vaccination Decision

Participants provided electronic informed consent with voluntary withdraw options. Randomization was implemented through a 1:1:1:1 allocation ratio to four conditions: Control group (Group 1, n=154) receiving a standard statement of HPV risks (In mainland China, HPV vaccines are currently approved only for female use. However, in other countries, they are also available for males. HPV can cause cancers throughout the body, from the head to the reproductive system. Thus, HPV vaccination can protect against many cancer types. Annually, over 120,000 Chinese are diagnosed with HPV-related cancers, with about 50,000 dying from them.); Intervention 1 (Group 2, n=152) adding male-specific health risks; Intervention 2 (Group 3, n=153) adding risk to female partners; Intervention 3 (Group 4, n=153) adding both personal risk and risk to female partners. The protocol involved sequential completion of pre-exposure questionnaires, timed 120-second message exposure, and immediate post-exposure asses