Effect of Low-Level Light Therapy on Ocular Surface Parameters in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery

"The intervention consists of non-invasive periocular photobiomodulation using the Eye-light® device (Espansione Group, Italy), which delivers low-level polychromatic red and near-infrared light (600-1200 nm) through a specially designed mask. Participants receive two 15-minute sessions, one 7 days before and one 7 days after cataract surgery.~The treatment is designed to stimulate meibomian gland activity, improve tear film stability, reduce ocular surface inflammation.~This protocol is unique compared to standard treatments for dry eye because it targets cellular mitochondrial activity to enhance tissue repair and anti-inflammatory effects. It is non-pharmacological, non-contact, and well-tolerated, making it suitable for perioperative application. The light is delivered through closed eyelids, ensuring safety and comfort, and the device used is CE-marked for ophthalmic applications."

"Sham-treated controls underwent the same procedural setup as the active treatment group, using the Eye-light® device (Espansione Group, Italy). However, instead of delivering therapeutic levels of light energy, the device operated in demo light mode, emitting less than 30% of the full treatment power. This setting simulated the visual and sensory experience of a low-level light therapy (LLLT) session without delivering biologically effective photobiomodulation.~The sham intervention included two 15-minute sessions: one administered 7 days before cataract surgery and one 7 days after. This approach allowed for masking of participants and investigators to minimize bias, while ensuring that patients in the control group received no active therapeutic exposure."