Effect of PMR on Pain In Patients With ESRD

This intervention involves five weekly 30-minute sessions of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) based on the ABC relaxation theory. The PMR protocol developed by Smith (2005) involve tense-and-release exercises for 11 different muscle groups, including hands, arms, sides, back, shoulders, face, neck, stomach, chest, legs, and feet. For five to ten seconds, each muscle group is contracted, and for twenty to thirty seconds, it is relaxed. The sensations of stress and relaxation were the participants' main concern. To release any residual tension, they looked at each muscle group after the workout. With the exception of the time needed for measurements and instructions, the entire operation took roughly thirty minutes.

The control group received no intervention from the researcher during the study. However, following the intervention, the control group participants were given the audio recordings of the intervention protocol along with an explanation of them.