Estimating Umbilical Venous Catheter Insertion Depth in Newborns Using Weight or Body Measurements: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial

"UVC insertion was performed under sterile conditions according to the unit protocol by a senior NICU physician. For preterm deliveries, written informed consent was obtained from a parent before enrollment in the study. In emergency cases, where the neonate required immediate UVC insertion upon admission to the NICU, a waiver of informed consent was applied. In such instances, parents were informed as soon as possible about their infant's participation in the study, provided with written information, and asked for their consent to include their infant's data in the analysis, with the option to give consent via telephone if they were unable to be present in person.~After UVC insertion, anteroposterior and lateral thoracoabdominal radiographs were performed to verify the position of the UVC tip."