Exacerbation of Erythema Following PDT in Patients With Probable Capillary Malformation-Arteriovenous Malformation Syndrome: Retrospective Analysis of Ultrasound and Clinical Characteristics.

Prior to treatment, patients or their guardians provided written informed consent. Then patients were then prepared for the procedure by fully exposing the treatment area and shielding the surrounding normal skin with a black cloth. Hemoporfin (Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical) was administrated intravenously at a dosage of 5.0 mg/kg. Subsequently, patients underwent light radiation at 532 nm (Wuhan Yage Optic and Electronic Technique, Wuhan, China) for 18 to 25 minutes, with a power density randing form 75 to 110 mW/cm2.

Ultrasound examinations were performed using three types of devices: a Paragon XHD equipped with a L38-22 probe operating at a frequency of 20-30 MHz (Kolo Medical Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China), a DUB Skin Scanner with a 22 MHz probe (Taberna Pro Medicum, German), or a Mindray Resona 7 featuring an L14-5WU linear probe set to a frequency range of 11-12 MHz frequency (Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China).