"Effectiveness of Mulligan Mobilization Technique and Proprioceptive Exercises Among Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis"

"i. Mulligan Mobilization for Medial Glide: During the treatment, the patient will be positioned in a prone (face-down) posture. To execute a medial glide, the therapist will position themselves on the side opposite to the target knee. They will place a belt around the patient's waist and lower leg, aligning the upper edge of the belt with the margin of the tibial joint. Using one hand to stabilize the thigh above the knee and the other hand to support the lower leg, the therapist will apply a medial force to the knee using the belt. The therapist will then instruct the patient to flex their knee while maintaining the glide.~ii. Mulligan Mobilization for Lateral Glide: To administer a lateral glide to the knee, the therapist will position themselves next to the affected knee. They will employ the belt to facilitate the glide by applying force from the opposite side."

"i. One leg balance- It requires flexing the opposite leg at the knee, hip, and ankle while standing on the affected foot. This position will be hold for one minute (60 seconds), followed by rest for 10 to 20 seconds, then continue this process twice more. Three repetitions of the same exercise will be performed with the unaffected leg after a brief break.~ii. Blind advanced one leg balance- The task will resemble one-legged balance, but the participant will be required to close their eyes while executing the routine, and then repeat it two more times.~iii. Toe walking- In this activity, the participant will be instructed to walk a 20-meter distance while balancing on their toes with their toes pointing straight ahead. They will then be asked to walk the same distance again, but this time with their toes pointing outward. After a brief rest, the entire procedure will be repeated once more."

"• Stretching of the Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscles~* Frequency: 3-5 times per week.~* Intensity: Stretch to the point of mild discomfort, not pain.~* Time: Hold each stretch for 30 seconds and repeat 3 times on each leg.~* Type: Static stretching. Gastrocnemius Stretch: Stand facing a wall with one foot forward (slightly bent) and the other foot back (straight). Press the back heel into the floor and lean forward to feel the stretch in the calf.~Soleus Stretch: From the same position, slightly bend the back knee while keeping the heel on the ground to target the lower calf (soleus muscle).~• Stretching of the Hamstrings~* Frequency: 3-5 times per week.~* Intensity: Stretch to a tolerable point of tension without causing pain.~* Time: Hold each stretch for 30 seconds and repeat 3 times on each leg.~* Type: Static stretching. Seated Hamstring Stretch: Sit on the floor with one leg straight and the other bent."