Hybrid Closed-Loop in Diabetes Post-Kidney Transplant: A Randomized Trial

The pump was loaded with ultra-short-acting insulin (Manufacturer: Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark; Approval Number: National Drug Approval No. J20050097; Specification: 3 mL: 300 U). The total daily insulin requirement was calculated at 0.2-0.4 U/(kg·d) based on the patient's weight. During operation, the system automatically adjusted the basal rate according to the blood glucose level. After the physician issued a large-dose order based on previous treatment experience and blood glucose conditions, the nurse manually entered the large-dose treatment instruction in the AAPS software.