Development and Evaluation of a Culturally Sensitive Structured Diabetes Self-Management Program for People With Type 2 Diabetes Residing in Qatar

PARADIGM-Q Diabetes Self-Management Education Program This is a culturally sensitive, structured education intervention tailored for adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Qatar. Developed using the PARADIGM model and delivered through a Case-Based Learning (CBL) approach, the program comprises three weekly group sessions of 3.5 hours each. Each session targets key self-management attributes: problem-solving, decision-making, taking action, resource utilization, and patient-provider relationships. The program emphasizes real-life applicability, cultural relevance, and skill-building to support sustainable diabetes self-care.

The DESMOND Diabetes Self-Management Education Program is the standard diabetes education intervention currently offered to newly diagnosed patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Qatar. It is a UK-developed, theory-driven program delivered over two group sessions, each lasting approximately four hours. The program provides structured education on diabetes, lifestyle management, and risk reduction strategies. It does not incorporate case-based learning or cultural tailoring, distinguishing it from the experimental PARADIGM-Q intervention. DESMOND is used here as an active comparator to evaluate the added value of culturally sensitive, problem-based education.