Analgesic Requirements for Lumbar Fixation With General Anaesthesia Versus Continuous Caudal Epidural

"A 17- or 18-gauge Tuohy-type needle will be inserted in the midline into the caudal canal. An initial dose of 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected in the caudal canal in order to perform sensory block and spare motor power. Then a dose of 10 ml 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected through the epidural catheter every 1-hour intra operatively and at 0-hour and 1-hour post operative then the catheter will be removed 1 hour post operative.~-The following factors will be assessed:~1. Intra operative heart rate and blood pressure.~2. Post operative pain assessment according to numeric pain scale score.~3. Time to rescue analgesia (intravenous analgesia administered after surgery).Patients with numeric pain scale score ≥ 3 at any point of time, will receive intravenous morphine 5mg.~4. Estimated blood loss and surgeon satisfaction of surgical field.~5. Total intra operative and post operative analgesia.~6. Common complications."