Impact of Diabetes Subtypes on Urinary Incontinence During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Study on BMI and Glycemic Control

Urinary incontinence was assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), a validated instrument with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88. This tool consists of four items: three scored questions evaluating leakage frequency (0-5), volume (0-6), and impact on quality of life (0-10), summing to a total score of 0-21, and one unscored question identifying situations where incontinence occurs. Two separate analyses were performed: total ICIQ-SF score and responses to question, which identified UI-triggering situations