Effect of Bee Venom on Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorders in Hemodialysis Patients: a Randomized Controlled Trial

This intervention involves the administration of purified bee venom from Apis mellifera species (Abevac) via subcutaneous injections. The dosage starts at 0.05 mL three times a week and gradually escalates to 0.5 mL three times a week by week 5. The total duration of the treatment is 6 months. Bee venom is being evaluated for its potential immunomodulatory effects, including enhancing regulatory T cell function and improving mineral bone disorder (MBD) in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

This intervention represents the standard care for patients with chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) undergoing hemodialysis. The treatment typically includes phosphate binders to control phosphorus levels, vitamin D receptor activators to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and calcimimetics to control parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The specific regimen may vary according to individual patient needs, but the control group will not receive bee venom injections as part of their therapy.