Effects of Otago-based Multicomponent Exercise on Sarcopenia in Pre-Frailty Older Adults in Nursing Homes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cardiorespiratory exercises include walking at a normal pace for 30 minutes three times a week, or three 10-minute sessions. The resistance exercises involve five leg muscle strengthening exercises, including knee extensors, knee flexors, hip adductors, ankle plantar flexors, and ankle dorsolflexors, performed 8-10 times, 1-2 sets, 3 times a week, with 1 day intervals in between. Balance training includes 12 exercises such as kneeling, walking backwards, walking and turning, walking sideways, tandem standing (heel-toe standing), tandem walking (heel-toe walking), standing on one leg, walking on the heel, and walking on the tip of the foot. Only 1 set of 1 exercise, 3 times a week, 1 day interval in between. Add 4 upper body strength exercises and 4 lower body strength exercises to the OEP, using water bottles and elastic bands as AIDS. Each movement is completed 8-12 times, 1-3 sets, 3 times a week, 1 day apart.