Probiotic Supplementation and Disease Progression in CKD: A Randomized Trial

"Participants in this group will receive Lactogemikan (Probiotic Supplement), which contains 10 billion CFU of Lactobacillus plantarum per tablet. The dose is one tablet daily for 6 months.~This probiotic is intended to modulate gut microbiota, reduce systemic inflammation, and decrease uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate) in CKD patients. The intervention will be compared to a placebo to evaluate its effectiveness in slowing CKD progression and improving metabolic and inflammatory markers."

"Participants in this group will receive an inert placebo tablet that is identical in appearance, taste, and packaging to the probiotic supplement but contains no active probiotic ingredients. The dose is one tablet daily for 6 months.~The placebo serves as a control to compare the effects of the probiotic intervention. Both groups will undergo identical monitoring and follow-up assessments to determine whether the probiotic has a significant effect on kidney function, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition."