Effectiveness of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in Distal Radius Fracture

"Participants in the first group underwent conventional physiotherapy interventions for 6 weeks, 5 days per week. These interventions included Ultrasound (US), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), wrist joint range of motion exercises, stretching exercises, and strengthening exercises using Digiflex, Powerweb, and dumbbells. The number of repetitions and sets of the exercises was adjusted based on the patients' conditions, following a progressive approach.~US was applied to the affected wrist for a total of 30 sessions, 5 days a week, once daily, for 6 minutes at an intensity of 1.5 W/cm², using an underwater application method. TENS was administered at a frequency of 100 Hertz for 20 minutes. All participants received manual stretching exercises for wrist flexion, extension, ulnar and radial deviation, supination, and pronation. These stretches were performed by a physiotherapist, with 5 repetitions in each direction, holding the end position for 20 seconds."

Participants in the second group received a treatment protocol that included closed kinetic chain exercises (CKCE) in addition to conventional physiotherapy. CKCE exercises were performed with 15 repetitions each and involved stabilizing a ball between the hand and the wall in different arm positions, rolling it in multiple directions. Participants also performed weight-shifting exercises against a wall and on a table, holding positions for 6 seconds. Additionally, in a crawling position, they moved their unaffected arm diagonally on both a firm surface and a cushion.