Examination of the Dynamic Relationships of Sleep, Physical Activity, and Circadian Rhythmicity With Neurobehavioral Heterogeneity in ADHD

A computerized test in which participants are presented with red and green spaceship stimuli. They are told to press the spacebar in response to green spaceships (80% of trials) and withhold their response to red spaceships (20% of trials).

Participants make decisions between smaller, immediate rewards and larger, delayed rewards. The amount of the immediate reward and delay time are manipulated to identify individual delay discounting curves, or how the reward value decreases as a function of delay.

A computerized test in which participants trace a star line drawing with a computer cursor using a trackpad with reversed directional controls. There are increasing levels of difficulty with participants being told they could quit the task during the very hard third star that they try to trace.

Participants are instructed to attend to a computer screen to keep track of the order in which a happy face stimuli appears in a sequence of boxes positioned on the screen. They are presented with 2 trials at each level of difficulty, increasing from 2 stimuli by 1 additional stimuli per trial until they respond incorrectly for both trials within a level. There are two task conditions, forward and backward span, with the participant responding in the reverse order that the stimuli were presented for backward span.

A computerized test in which participants are presented with a right or left facing arrow and are instructed to press a response button indicating the direction of the arrow. On 25% of the trials, an auditory beep is presented (i.e., stop signal) following the onset of the arrow (i.e., go signal) and participants are instructed to withhold their response when they hear the stop signal.

A computerized test in which a group of arrows are presented on the screen with the central arrow (target) pointing in the same/opposite direction as the 4 surrounding arrows (flankers). Participants are instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the central target arrow.