Characterizing the EEG Signature of Fentanyl and Its Association With Drug Liking

"This observational study enrolls patients receiving fentanyl, a drug routinely administered during surgery under general anesthesia. The primary difference in the investigators' research protocol is the inclusion of a 5-minute interval between fentanyl administration and the induction of general anesthesia. Fentanyl will be given in two boluses of 2 mcg/kg (ideal body weight), spaced 2 minutes apart, totaling 4 mcg/kg. If the participant remains conscious, an additional 2 mcg/kg bolus will be administered after 2 minutes. Additionally, participants will complete a drug-liking questionnaire before the first bolus and every 30 seconds until anesthesia induction, rating how much they liked the drug on a 0-100 scale."