Exercise Based on Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Older Individuals

The following basic principles and procedures were emphasized when applying the techniques: manual contact, resistance, approximation, verbal commands, and therapist's body mechanics. During stages 1 and 2 of the intervention, the amount of PNF optimal resistance used was necessary to maintain a stable and safe position, with good body alignment, in a manner that produced coordinated movements to generate appropriate motor learning.

The physical exercise without proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation control group (CG) intervention consisted of the same activities carried out in the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) group during Stages 1 and 2, during the same amount of minutes, sessions, and weeks; however, CG intervention did not include specific techniques and basic principles (i.e. approximation and optimal resistance) and procedures of the PNF concept. The activities were instructed and supervised by a trained professional through verbal command. The professional was at stand-by assistant position to prevent accidents.