Effects of Resistance Training and Supplementation in Elderly: Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Variables

Protein supplementation will be provided through isolated whey protein, commonly known as whey protein isolate, which was generously donated by the Heroes Science Institute (HSI), as stated in the attached declaration. This whey protein isolate, with a vanilla flavor, is packaged in 25-gram sachets, each providing a total of 20 grams of protein per dose/sachet.

The resistance training protocol in the study included seven exercises: high pull, leg extension, leg curl, bicep curl, triceps pushdown, lateral raise, and machine bench press, taking about 60 minutes per session. The first week focused on familiarizing participants with the exercises to ensure proper execution before intensive training began. Training occurred three times a week for 12 weeks, with each exercise performed in 3 sets of 8 to 12 repetitions and rest periods of 1 to 2 minutes. The load was progressively increased by 2% to 10% weekly, based on participants\' ability to complete repetitions with full range of motion. Assessments were conducted before training and 24 hours after the final session to evaluate the effects on physical and functional parameters.

The control group will not participate in any of the interventions proposed in the study, meaning it will not receive supplementation or undergo resistance training, serving as a reference to compare the results of the other intervention groups.