Effect of Thera-Band Elastic Band-Assisted Progressive Resistance Training on Physical Health in Diabetes Patients with Frailty Syndrome

Thera-Band Elastic Band-Assisted Progressive Resistance Training: This intervention involves a structured exercise program using Thera-Band elastic bands for resistance training, conducted three times a week for 12 weeks. Each session lasts approximately 50 minutes and includes exercises targeting major muscle groups, such as upper arms, shoulders, chest, lumbar, and lower limbs. Participants will perform each exercise for 8-12 repetitions in 2-3 sets with 1-minute intervals, aiming for an intensity of 60%-80% of their maximum heart rate. The program is designed to improve strength, balance, and overall physical function, thereby reducing frailty in older adults with diabetes.

Conventional Diabetes Management: Participants in this arm will receive standard care for diabetes management, which includes health education covering diet, medication adherence, exercise recommendations, and routine health monitoring. This arm serves as a comparator to assess the effectiveness of the progressive resistance training intervention.